Dryocopus pileatus - Entire range

This species is complete.

March 1, 2010 by Jorge Tomasevic

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Sensitivity Factor	Sensitivity Help 1 - 7 (one being least sensitive, seven being most sensitive)	Confidence Help 1 - 5 (one being least sensitive, five being most sensitive)
Generalist/Specialist	5 High	4 Good
Physiology	1 Low	1 Very Poor
Life History	4 Medium-High	4 Good
Habitat	7 Extremely High	4 Good
Dispersal Ability	3 Medium	4 Good
Disturbance Regimes	2 Medium-Low	4 Good
Ecology	4 Medium-High	5 Very Good
Non-Climatic	5 High	5 Very Good
Other (weight)

Sensitivity Score Help: 54 Medium

Sensitivity Score

100 * [(0.5 *(Dispersal Distance + Dispersal Barriers) + Disturbance Regimes + (0.5 * Generalist/Specialist) + Physiology + (0.5 * Life History) + Sensitive Habitats + Ecology + Non-Climatic Stressors + (Other * Weight) / 49 + (7 * Weight)]

Note: if Sensitive Habitats are identified, this factor automatically gets a value of seven, otherwise it remains zero.

Confidence Score Help: 3 Fair

Confidence Score

The Confidence Score is an average of the Confidence column above.

Overall User Ranking: 4 Medium-High

Common Name:

Pileated Woodpecker

Is this Species completed:

Yes

Taxonomy

This is a description of the whole group

Scientific Name:

Dryocopus pileatus

Geography:

Entire range

Realm:

Terrestrial

Kingdom:

Animal

Phylum:

Craniata

Class:

Aves

Order:

Piciformes

Family:

Picidae

Genus:

Dryocopus

Global Rank:

Rounded Global Rank:

G5 - Secure (1996)

IUCN:

Least concern (2009). Criteria ver 3.1

US Endangered Species Act Code:

Species of Concern

Species Element Code:

ABNYF12020

Generalist/Specialist

Broadly, where does this species fall on the spectrum of generalist to specialist? :

Confidence in your assessment of the degree to which the species is a generalist or specialist:

4 Good

Please specify which factors, if any, make the species more of a specialist:

foraging dependency

Please further describe the relationships that make the species more of a specialist:

Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) and woodboring beetle larvae are its main food items taken (Bull and Jackson 1995).

Comments:

Linked to old forests or to younger forests with presence of snags and foraging opportunities. Seems to be specialized on

Citations:

Physiology

Species' physiological sensitivity:

1 low sensitivity

Confidence in how physiologically sensitive the species is to climate change:

1 Very Poor

Life History

Species' reproductive strategy:

Confidence in your assessment of the species' reprodcutive strategy:

4 Good

Is the species polycyclic, iteroparous, or semelparous?:

Iteroparous (reproduces in successive cycles--characteristic of K-strategists)

Average length of time to reproductive maturity:

365

How many surviving young can an individual produce during a single reproductive event under optimal conditions?:

How many reproductive events can an individual undergo in a single year under optimal conditions?:

Comments:

two stages: juvenile (non breeder) and adult (breeder)

Citations:

Sensitive Habitats

Depends on the following sensitive habitat types:

Other (please specify in comments)

Confidence in whether the species depends on the listed sensitive habitat types:

4 Good

Level of philopatry:

low

Comments:

Occupies old-growth and younger forests as long as they have snags to provide food resources and roosting and nesting opportunities (Bull and Jackson 1995). It may be also found in suburban areas that meet these requirements (Blewett and Marzluff 2005).

Citations:

BLEWETT, CM and JM MARZLUFF. 2005. Effects of urban sprawl on snags and the abundance and productivity of cavity-nesting birds. Condor 107: 678 – 693. Bull, E.L. and J.A. Jackson. 1995. Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/bna/species/148

Dispersal Ability

Maximum annual dispersal distance:

25-50km

Confidence in maximum annual dispersal distance:

4 Good

Within the context of dispersal distance above, do barriers to dispersal exist?:

Confidence in barriers to dispersal exists:

4 Good

Specific dispersal distance (if known), and dispersal type (juvenile, adult, etc.):

Juveniles may disperse up to 30 km. Most of them up to 9 km.

Please select the types of barriers relevant to dispersal:

Road (Highway)

Industrial or Urban Development

Rivers

Please enter any known specific restrictions to dispersal:

Large open spaces (such as lakes and highways)

Citations:

Disturbance Regimes

How sensitive is this species to one or more disturbance regimes:

2 slightly sensitive

Confidence in how sensitive is this species on one or more disturbance regimes:

4 Good

Please check all disturbance regimes upon which the species is sensitive:

Fire

Comments:

Forest specialist. Not dependent on disturbances, but forest loss and fragmentation

Citations:

Ecological Relationships

Please specify which of the following (if any) are sensitive to climate change for this species:

forage

habitat

Confidence in how sensitive the species is to other effects of climate change on its ecology:

5 Very Good

How sensitive is this species’ ecological relationships to the effects of climate change?:

Interacting non-climatic stressors

To what degree do other, non-climate-related threats, to the species make it more sensitive to climate change?:

Confidence in the degree to which non-climate-related threats affect the species' sensitivity to climate change:

5 Very Good

Comments:

Major threats are (from greatest to least): (1) conversion of forest habitats to non-forest habitats, (2) short rotation, even-age forestry, (3) monoculture forestry, (4) forest fragmentation, (5) removal of logging residue, downed wood, and pine straw that would ultimately put nutrients back into the ecosystem and provide foraging substrate, (6) lightning striking cavity/roost trees because they are the oldest, tallest trees around as a result of cutting priorities, (7) deliberate killing by humans, and (8) toxic chemicals (NatureServe 2010).

Citations:

NatureServe. 2010. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: May 18, 2011 ).

Overall User Ranking

In your opinion, how would you rank the overall sensitivity of this species to climate change?:

4(moderate sensitivity)

Confidence in your overall assessment of the sensitivity of this species to climate change:

4 Good

Comments:

As other old-growth dependents, it may be negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation due to altered disturbance regimes, such as fires and flooding.

Citations:

Bull, E.L. and J.A. Jackson. 1995. Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/bna/species/148 IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 18 March 2010. NatureServe. 2009. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: March 18, 2010 ).

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Climate Change Sensitivity Database

Dryocopus pileatus - Entire range

Sensitivity Score

Confidence Score