Dendroica chrysoparia

This species is complete.

July 2, 2009 by Jane Atkins

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Sensitivity Factor	Sensitivity Help 1 - 7 (one being least sensitive, seven being most sensitive)	Confidence Help 1 - 5 (one being least sensitive, five being most sensitive)
Generalist/Specialist	7 Extremely High	4 Good
Physiology	1 Low	2 Poor
Life History	4 Medium-High	5 Very Good
Habitat		3 Fair
Dispersal Ability	4 Medium-High	3 Fair
Disturbance Regimes	3 Medium	3 Fair
Ecology	4 Medium-High	3 Fair
Non-Climatic	6 High	3 Fair
Other (weight)

Sensitivity Score Help: 48 Medium

Sensitivity Score

100 * [(0.5 *(Dispersal Distance + Dispersal Barriers) + Disturbance Regimes + (0.5 * Generalist/Specialist) + Physiology + (0.5 * Life History) + Sensitive Habitats + Ecology + Non-Climatic Stressors + (Other * Weight) / 49 + (7 * Weight)]

Note: if Sensitive Habitats are identified, this factor automatically gets a value of seven, otherwise it remains zero.

Confidence Score Help: 3 Fair

Confidence Score

The Confidence Score is an average of the Confidence column above.

Overall User Ranking: 2 Medium-Low

Common Name:

Golden-cheeked warbler

Is this Species completed:

Yes

Taxonomy

This is a description of the whole group

Scientific Name:

Dendroica chrysoparia

Realm:

Terrestrial

Kingdom:

Animal

Phylum:

Craniata

Class:

Aves

Order:

Passeriformes

Family:

Parulidae

Genus:

Dendroica

Global Rank:

Rounded Global Rank:

G2 - Imperiled

IUCN:

Endangered (2008). B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) (see criteria v. 3.1)

US Endangered Species Act Code:

Endangered

Species Element Code:

ABPBX03110

Target Rationale:

Imperiled

Generalist/Specialist

Broadly, where does this species fall on the spectrum of generalist to specialist? :

7(specialist)

Confidence in your assessment of the degree to which the species is a generalist or specialist:

4 Good

Please specify which factors, if any, make the species more of a specialist:

other dependencies

Please further describe the relationships that make the species more of a specialist:

Habitat dependency. D. chrysoparia breeds exclusively in Ashe Juniper-mixed oak woodlands of central Texas. Fragmentation of breeding habitat thought to be responsible for population declines (Ladd and Gass 1999).

Citations:

Physiology

Species' physiological sensitivity:

1 low sensitivity

Confidence in how physiologically sensitive the species is to climate change:

2 Poor

Please specify whether or not this species is physiologically sensitive to one or more of the following:

precipitation

Please describe any specific physiological sensitivities:

Nesting may be affected by precipitation (nest destroyed)

Citations:

Life History

Species' reproductive strategy:

Confidence in your assessment of the species' reprodcutive strategy:

5 Very Good

Is the species polycyclic, iteroparous, or semelparous?:

Iteroparous (reproduces in successive cycles--characteristic of K-strategists)

Average length of time to reproductive maturity:

730

How many surviving young can an individual produce during a single reproductive event under optimal conditions?:

3-4 eggs per nest

How many reproductive events can an individual undergo in a single year under optimal conditions?:

Comments:

Cowbird predation a serious threat to breeding success. Nest predation by snakes a scrub jays also a threat. Two stages: juvenile (non-breeder) and adult (breeder)

Citations:

Sensitive Habitats

Confidence in whether the species depends on the listed sensitive habitat types:

3 Fair

Level of philopatry:

low

Comments:

Breeds exclusively in ashe juniper-mixed oak woodlands of central Texas. Fire in 1996 destroyed 4000 ha of suitable habitat on Ft. Hood, and recovery has been slow. Migration takes place in July-August, and individuals move down to pine-oak highlands in Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala. Breeding males begin returning to central Texas in early March to stake territory and prepare for returning females. Males & females appear to return to previous years' nesting sites.

Citations:

Dispersal Ability

Maximum annual dispersal distance:

1-5km

Confidence in maximum annual dispersal distance:

4 Good

Within the context of dispersal distance above, do barriers to dispersal exist?:

Confidence in barriers to dispersal exists:

3 Fair

Specific dispersal distance (if known), and dispersal type (juvenile, adult, etc.):

juvenile males disperse around 4 km, and females around 1.5 km.

Please select the types of barriers relevant to dispersal:

Agriculture

Industrial or Urban Development

Suburban or Rural Residential Development

Clear cut

Please enter any known specific restrictions to dispersal:

Fragmentation of breeding habitat

Comments:

At Fort Hood, TX, males banded as fledglings return the following year to locations averaging 4.04 km ± 4.78 SD (range 0.06–20.1, n = 24) from banding site (not necessarily natal site). For females banded as fledglings, distance averages 1.53 km ± 1.39 SD (range 0–3.4, n = 7, see Ladd and Gass 1999)

Citations:

Ladd, C. and L. Gass. 1999. Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/420 Lindsay DL, Barr KR, Lance RF, et al. 2008. Habitat fragmentation and genetic diversity of an endangered, migratory songbird, the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia). Molecular Ecology 17(9): 2122-2133 .

Disturbance Regimes

How sensitive is this species to one or more disturbance regimes:

3 somewhat sensitive

Confidence in how sensitive is this species on one or more disturbance regimes:

3 Fair

Please check all disturbance regimes upon which the species is sensitive:

Fire

Wind

Drought

Comments:

Old-growth Juniper-oak woodlands dependent. Habitat may be lost to fires. Breeding may be affected by storms, wind and hail storms when nests may be destroyed (Ladd and Gass 1999).

Citations:

Ecological Relationships

Please specify which of the following (if any) are sensitive to climate change for this species:

forage

habitat

hydrology

Confidence in how sensitive the species is to other effects of climate change on its ecology:

3 Fair

Which types of climate and climate-driven changes in the environment affect these aspects of the species' ecology?:

precipitation

How sensitive is this species’ ecological relationships to the effects of climate change?:

Interacting non-climatic stressors

To what degree do other, non-climate-related threats, to the species make it more sensitive to climate change?:

Confidence in the degree to which non-climate-related threats affect the species' sensitivity to climate change:

3 Fair

Comments:

Small breeding range in central Texas; much breeding and nonbreeding habitat has been destroyed and degraded, and this continues especially in winter range; detrimentally affected by cowbird parasitism; ongoing conservation actions have improved conservation status in recent years. Breeding habitat has diminished due to juniper eradication programs and continuing urbanization (e.g., around Austin, San Antonio, and Waco). A primary cause of decline may be habitat loss from logging, firewood extraction, and agricultural conversion for cattle production in pine-oak habitats in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. This species suffers from heavy cowbird parasitism, which may be increasing as habitat becomes fragmented. It is potentially threatened by a widespread Mediterranean fruit-fly eradication program (using malathion) proposed for Guatemala (NatureServe 2010).

Citations:

NatureServe. 2010. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: May 18, 2011 ).

Overall User Ranking

In your opinion, how would you rank the overall sensitivity of this species to climate change?:

Confidence in your overall assessment of the sensitivity of this species to climate change:

3 Fair

Comments:

If drier conditions favor a more frequent fire regime or if climate change otherwise adversely affects already diminished ashe juniper- mixed oak woodlands, D. chrysoparia will be negatively affected.

Citations:

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Climate Change Sensitivity Database

Dendroica chrysoparia

Sensitivity Score

Confidence Score

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